Global alpha-HCH Data                          99/11/16

Columns:  Grid#, alpha-HCH emission (tonnes)

File AHCHEmYear1980:
Total alpha-HCH emissions in 1980
Fields:
   GEIA
   Emiss
        Maximum: 528.60
        Minimum:  0.001
        Total: 184,062t
Records: 8,986

File AHCHEmYear1990:
Total alpha-HCH emissions in 1990.
Fields:
   GEIA
   Emiss
        Maximum: 210.7
        Minimum:  0.001
        Total: 44,127t
Records: 8,042


Li, Y.F., M. T. Scholtz, and B. J. van Heyst, 1999, Global gridded emission
inventories of a-hexachlorocyclohexane, J. Geophys. Res. In press.


Abstract. Emission factors of a-HCH, the major isomer of technical
hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) for spray events and tilling events are
distributed on a 1ox1o longitude and latitude grid system. Estimations of
gridded global a-HCH emissions in 1980 and 1990 due to 15 consecutive years
of application of technical HCH are presented. The total global usage of
a-HCH was estimated to be around 290 kt in 1980, and 59 kt in 1990. Total
global a-HCH emissions in 1980 were 184 kt, among which, 92.5% was
contributed by the current use of a-HCH in 1980, and 7.5% by the residues
due to use of technical HCH since 1966. Total global a-HCH emissions in 
1990
were 44 kt, among which, 93% was contributed by the current use of a-HCH in
1990, and 7% by the residues due to use of technical HCH since 1976. In 
1980
approximately 74% of the global a-HCH emissions originated in the Northern
Hemisphere midlatitudes, followed by around 19% in the Northern Hemisphere
tropics, while in 1990 approximately 54% of the global a-HCH emissions
originated in the Northern Hemisphere tropics, followed by around 37% in 
the
Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. Emissions of a-HCH were strongly 
localized
in Asia. Among total global a-HCH emissions, 85% and 75% originated in Asia
in 1980 and 1990, respectively. Study of trends of a-HCH residue shows that
a-HCH can remain in the soil for more than 10 years after its ban in
countries such as China and Japan. The trends of a-HCH concentration in the
soils in the Kitakyushu District, Japan and Taihu Lake basin, China
estimated from our model fit the monitoring data in the same areas quite
well. Qualitative uncertainty estimates have also been assigned on a
regional basis.


Li, Y.F., 1999, Global technical hexachlorocyclohexane usage and its
contamination consequences in environment: From 1948 to 1997, Sci. Total
Environ., 232, 123-160.
Li, Y.F., 1999, Global gridded technical hexachlorocyclohexane usage
inventory using a global cropland as a surrogate, J. Geophys. Res. In 
press.


*********************************************************************

                           HAVE YOU REGISTERED?

If you have not already done so, please take a moment to register with
us at our CGEIC web site. By registering, you enable us to inform you
directly of upgrades to the inventories. To register go to

                      http://www.ortech.ca/cgeic

Once at the site, click on the REGISTRATION FORM button.
Fill out as much information as possible, including which inventories
you have downloaded.

We would appreciate any feedback regarding the inventories posted at our
site. Comments can be sent to cgeic@ortech.ca.

***********************************************************************