 |
atrazine | |
lindane | |
quintozene |
|
fenthion | |
metolachlor | |
triallate |
|
2,4-DB | |
metribuzin | |
trifluralin |
The CGEIC pesticide emission model simulates the air/soil exchange of heat, moisture and pesticide, and is driven by hourly meteorology. The structure of the pesticide emissions model can be viewed as a flow diagram.
The method of application of a pesticide has a strong influence on the extent and rate of its emission. For example, lindane shows a simulation where lindane-treated seed has been planted at day 65. The model shows that little or no lindane is lost to the atmosphere from the field until day 430, when the land is tilled for replanting the following year.
Of course, in order to run such models, usage data must be available. CGEIC has compiled North American and global usage data for a number of pesticides which are transported regionally and globally by the atmosphere. An emission inventory for the United States and Canada has been completed on 127 x 127 km polar stereographic grid for the pesticides listed below.
Work is also underway to complete a global data base of emissions on a 1° x 1° latitude/longitude grid for selected priority pesticides. The work on a global HCH emissions inventory will shortly be available.
All Regional and global pesticide emission inventories are computed using emission factors modelled using ORTECH's Pesticide Emissions Model (PEM). The theoretical development of the PEM emissions model and the testing and validation of the model are provided in the following two publications.
A pesticide emission model (PEM) Part I: model development
M. T. Scholtz, E. Voldner, A. C. McMillan and B. J. Van Heyst
Atmospheric Environment, Volume 36, Issue 32, October 2002, Pages 5005-5013
A pesticide emission model (PEM) Part II: model evaluation
M. T. Scholtz, E. Voldner, B. J. Van Heyst, A. C. McMillan and E. Pattey
Atmospheric Environment, Volume 36, Issue 32, October 2002, Pages 5015-5024
Both publications are available from the Atmospheric Environment online site.
|
atrazine | |
lindane | |
quintozene |
|
fenthion | |
metolachlor | |
triallate |
|
2,4-DB | |
metribuzin | |
trifluralin |
Updated: 2003-04-02
